Tone Changes               

Taishanese is monosyllable, i.e. each character corresponds to exactly one syllable. You will find that some Taishanese words sometimes pronounced with tones different from their base ones. Quite a few single syllable words almost always pronounced with tone changes while retaining their base tones when they are part of multi-syllable words. In general, a tone-changing word is a adjective or noun located at the end of a sentence or phrase, and the tone-changing syllable is the last syllable if the word is multi-syllable.

Sometimes this is purely phonological and the meaning of the character does not change. The following is an example of this type of tone change.

fish ()
[ŋʊɪ31]
fish meat (鱼肉)
[ŋʊɪ31 ŋǝk31]
sashimi, raw fish (鱼生)
[ŋʊɪ22 saŋ44]
catfish (鳅鱼)
[tiu44 ŋʊɪ226]

Other times tone change is associated with the creation of nouns from verbs:

to brush ()
[tsat44]
a brush ()
[tsat316]
to brush with a brush (用刷刷)
[yǝŋ52 tsat316 tsat44]
to clip ()
[gap52]
a clip ()
[gap316]
to clip with a clip  (夹夹)
[ŋ52 gap316 gap52]

Tone change that affects meaning, sometimes a form of specialization:

细个 small [ɬai44 gɔi44] small children [ɬai21 gɔi44]
黄皮 of yellow skin  [ŋ22 pi22] a type of fruit (of yellow skin)  [ŋ22 pi316]
门前 in front of my door   [mɔn22 tɛn22] right in front of me   [mɔn22 tɛn21]

Tone change for fine differentiation:

姨丈
mother's brother-in-law
mother's older sister's husband
[yi22 dziaŋ527]
mother's younger sister's husband
[yi22 dziaŋ31]

An example of using tone change to convert the first person pronoun to its plural form:

I, me  () [ŋɔi44] we, us, my () [ŋɔi31]

Examples of using repetition combined with tone change to indicate the level of intensity:

red ()
[
hǝŋ22]
reddish, somewhat red (红红)
[ŋ22 hǝŋ226]
very very red (红红)
[ŋ226 hǝŋ22]
sharp ()
[diam44]
somewhat sharp (尖尖)
[diam44 diam447]
very very sharp (尖尖)
[diam447 diam44]

Literary and Colloquial Forms   

Certain characters have respective literary and colloquial forms of pronunciations. Here are a few examples:

Colloquial Form Literary Form Meaning
[miaŋ52] [mɛŋ52] life, fate
[ɬiaŋ66] [ɬɛŋ66] awake, wake up
[tiaŋ44] tɛŋ44] green, young
[ɬiaŋ31] [ɬɛŋ44] star
[dɔi66] [du66] small